Immunofluorescent analysis of rat cerebellum section stained with rabbit pAb to VLP1, RPCA-VLP1, dilution 1:2,000 in green, and costained with mouse mAb to calretinin, <a href="http://encorbio.com/products/mca-6a9/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MCA-6A9</a>, dilution 1:2,000 in red. The blue is Hoechst staining of nuclear DNA. Following transcardial perfusion of rat with 4% paraformaldehyde, brain was post fixed for 24 hours, cut to 45μM, and free-floating sections were stained with the above a
Immunofluorescent analysis of rat cerebellum section stained with rabbit pAb to VLP1, RPCA-VLP1, dilution 1:2,000 in green, and costained with mouse mAb to calretinin, <a href="http://encorbio.com/products/mca-6a9/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MCA-6A9</a>, dilution 1:2,000 in red. The blue is Hoechst staining of nuclear DNA. Following transcardial perfusion of rat with 4% paraformaldehyde, brain was post fixed for 24 hours, cut to 45μM, and free-floating sections were stained with the above a

EnCor Biotechnology

Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody to VLP1 Cat# RPCA-VLP1

$300.00
Description

      The RPCA-VLP1 antibody was made against full length recombinant human visinin-like protein 1, and expressed in and purified from E. Coli. It can be used to track this protein by ELISA, on western blots and in cells in culture and sections. We also manufacture mouse monoclonal antibodies MCA-3A9 and MCA-2D11 and a chicken polyclonal antibodies to this protein, CPCA-VLP1.
Amount: 100µL of 1mg/mL
Amount: 100µL of 1mg/mL
Immunofluorescent analysis of rat cerebellum section stained with rabbit pAb to VLP1, RPCA-VLP1, dilution 1:2,000 in green, and costained with mouse mAb to calretinin, MCA-6A9, dilution 1:2,000 in red. The blue is Hoechst staining of nuclear DNA. Following transcardial perfusion of rat with 4% paraformaldehyde, brain was post fixed for 24 hours, cut to 45μM, and free-floating sections were stained with the above antibodies. The VLP1 antibody reveals protein expressed in granule cells membranes and their synapses in both the granular and molecular layer of the cerebellum. The calretinin antibody stains the cytoplasm of neurons in the nuclear and molecular layers of cerebellum.
Western blot analysis of different tissue lysates using rabbit pAb to visinin-like Protein 1 (VLP1), RPCA-VLP1, dilution 1:20,000 in green: [1] protein standard (red), [2] rat brain [3] mouse brain, [4] pig hippocampus, and [5] cow cerebellum. The band at ~20kDa corresponds to the VLP1 protein.

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Name: VLP1, rabbit polyclonal, Cat# RPCA-VLP1
Immunogen: Full length recombinant human VLP1
HGNC Name: VSNL1
UniProt: P62760
Molecular Weight: 18kDa
Host: Rabbit
Species Cross-Reactivity: Human, rat, mouse
RRID: AB_2572402
Format: Affinity purified antibody at 1mg/mL in 50% PBS, 50% glycerol plus 5mM NaN3
Applications: WB, IF/ICC, IHC
Recommended Dilutions: WB 1:10,000-1:20,000. IF/IHC 1:2,000
Storage: Store at 4°C for short term, for longer term at -20°C.

      Visinin was originally isolated biochemically from chicken retina as a major protein of ~24kDa on SDS-PAGE gels (1). Following cloning and sequencing of visinin, several visinin like proteins were discovered by homology screening (2,3). One of these, visinin-like protein 1 is a low molecular weight protein which is very abundant in the nervous system and is found only in neurons, though different neurons have different levels of expression (4,5). The protein was discovered independently by several groups and is therefore also sometimes known as hippocalcin-like protein 3, HLP3, HPCAL3, HUVISL1, VLP-1, VILIP and VILIP-1. The protein belongs to the large superfamily of calmodulin and paravalbumin type proteins which function by binding Calcium ions. Calcium binding alters the conformation of these proteins and allow them to interact with other binding partners, the properties of which they may alter. Visinin-like protein 1 has four “EF hand” domains, which are negatively charged helix-turn-helix peptides which are responsible for Calcium binding. The protein is 191 amino acids in size and has a molecular weight on SDS-PAGE of 18kDa. The protein has recently been suggested to be a useful blood biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease and traumatic brain injury (6-8).



Chromogenic immunostaining of a formalin fixed paraffin embedded mouse cerebellum section with rabbit pAb to visinin-like protein, RPCA-VLP1, dilution 1:2,000, , detected with DAB (brown) using the Vector Labs ImmPRESS method and reagents with citra buffer retrieval. Hematoxylin (blue) was used as the counterstain. This antibody performs well in testing with both 4% PFA and standard NBF fixed rat, mouse, and human tissues. Mouse select image for larger view.

1. Hatakenaka S, Kuo CH, Miki N. Analysis of a distinctive protein in chick retina during development. Brain Res. 312:155-63 (1983).
2. Kuno T, et al. cDNA cloning of a neural visinin-like Ca(2+)-binding protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 184:1219-25 (1992).
3. Polymeropoulos MH, Ide S, Soares MB, Lennon GG. Sequence characterization and genetic mapping of the human VSNL1 gene, a homologue of the rat visinin-like peptide RNVP1. Genomics 29:273-5 (1995).
4. Bernstein HG, et al. Regional and cellular distribution of neural visinin-like protein immunoreactivities (VILIP-1 and VILIP-3) in human brain. J. Neurocytol. 28:655-62 (1999).
5. Paterlini M, Revilla V, Grant AL, Wisden W Expression of the neuronal calcium sensor protein family in the rat brain.
Neuroscience 99:205-16 (2000).
6. Laterza OF, et al. Identification of novel brain biomarkers. Clin. Chem. 9:1713-21 (2006).
7. Lee JM, et al. The brain injury biomarker VLP-1 is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer disease patients. Clin. Chem. 10:1617-23 (2008).
8. Tarawneh R, et al. Visinin-like protein-1: diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol. 70:274-85 (2011).

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